Instrumentation Engineering (IN) Syllabus for gate-2013

                  Instrumentation Engineering (IN)

Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.

Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.

Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.

Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’ series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.

Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson,Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.

Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

Transform Theory: Fourier transform,Laplace transform, Z-transform.

INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Basics of Circuits and Measurement Systems:Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal Analysis. Circuit theorems. One-port and two-port Network Functions. Static and dynamic characteristics of Measurement Systems.Error and uncertainty analysis.Statistical analysis of data and curve fitting.

Transducers, Mechanical Measurement and Industrial Instrumentation: Resistive, Capacitive, Inductive and piezoelectric transducers and their signal conditioning. Measurement of displacement, velocity and acceleration (translational and rotational), force, torque, vibration and shock.Measurement of pressure, flow, temperature and liquid level.Measurement of pH, conductivity, viscosity and humidity.

Analog Electronics: Characteristics of diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits. Transistors at low and high frequencies, Amplifiers, single and multi-stage. Feedback amplifiers. Operational amplifiers, characteristics and circuit configurations. Instrumentation amplifier. Precision rectifier. V-to-I and I-to-V converter. Op-Amp based active filters. Oscillators and signal generators.
Digital Electronics: Combinational logic circuits, minimization of Boolean functions. IC families, TTL, MOS and CMOS. Arithmetic circuits. Comparators, Schmitt trigger, timers and mono-stable multi-vibrator. Sequential circuits, flip-flops, counters, shift registers. Multiplexer, S/H circuit.Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog converters.Basics of number system.Microprocessor applications, memory and input-output interfacing. Microcontrollers.

Signals, Systems and Communications: Periodic and aperiodic signals. Impulse response, transfer function and frequency response of first- and second order systems. Convolution, correlation and characteristics of linear time invariant systems.Discrete time system, impulse and frequency response. Pulse transfer function. IIR and FIR filters. Amplitude and frequency modulation and demodulation.Sampling theorem, pulse code modulation.Frequency and time division multiplexing. Amplitude shift keying, frequency shift keying and pulse shift keying for digital modulation.
Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers, measurement of R,L and C. Measurements of voltage, current, power, power factor and energy. A.C & D.C current probes. Extension of instrument ranges. Q-meter and waveform analyzer. Digital voltmeter and multi-meter. Time, phase and frequency measurements. Cathode ray oscilloscope. Serial and parallel communication. Shielding and grounding.

Control Systems and Process Control: Feedback principles. Signal flow graphs. Transient Response, steady-state-errors. Routh and Nyquist criteria. Bode plot, root loci. Time delay systems. Phase and gain margin. State space representation of systems. Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components. Synchro pair, servo and step motors. On-off, cascade, P, P-I, P-I-D, feed forward and derivative controller, Fuzzy controllers.

Analytical, Optical and Biomedical Instrumentation: Mass spectrometry. UV, visible and IR spectrometry. X-ray and nuclear radiation measurements. Optical sources and detectors, LED, laser, Photo-diode, photo-resistor and their characteristics. Interferometers, applications in metrology. Basics of fiber optics. Biomedical instruments, EEG, ECG and EMG. Clinical measurements. Ultrasonic transducers and Ultrasonography. Principles of Computer Assisted Tomography.

THE HINDU- Instrumentation engineering in demand

     Instrumentation engineering in demand

ACCORDING TO The Hindu :Instrumentation engineering is a multi-disciplinary stream and covers varied subjects. Photo:K.R. Deepak

TOPICS

Nature of work of an instrumentation engineer ranges from designing, developing, installing, managing equipments that are used to monitor and control machinery, finds Sumit Bhattacharjee

Just imagine a world without instruments. It would be like traversing into a time that probably goes even beyond the Stone Age. Man has always been fascinated towards instruments and the quest to invent and innovate on new instruments has pushed mankind beyond barriers to an age where instruments have become a part and parcel of the life. Today, we find instruments at home and at workplace, and this was possible only because of the science instrumentation.

In scientific terms, instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control of process variables within a production, or manufacturing area. The science has further opened up the realm of instrumentation engineering.

The discipline of instrumentation engineering branched out of the streams of electrical and electronic engineering some time in the early part of 1970s. “It is a multi-disciplinary stream and covers subjects from various branches such as chemical, mechanical, electrical, electronics and computers,” says Prof. A. Bhujanga Rao, from the department of Instrumentation Engineering, Andhra University.

The professor adds that instrumentation engineering is a specialised branch of electrical and electronic engineering and it deals with measurement, control and automation of processes.

Scope

Almost all process and manufacturing industry such as steel, oil, petrochemical, power and defence production will have a separate instrumentation department, which is manned and managed by instrumentation engineers. “Automation is the buzz word in process industry, and automation is the core job of instrumentation engineers. Hence, the demand for instrumentation will always be there,” says the professor.

The growth in the avionics, aeronautical and space science sectors has also increased the scope for instrumentation engineers. Instrumentation engineers can also fit in both software and hardware sectors.

Apart from covering core subjects such as system dynamics, industrial instrumentation and process control, analytical and bio-medical instrumentation and robotics, the students deal with software and hardware topics such as microprocessor and micro controller based instrumentation, VLSI and embedded system designs, computer architecture and organisation and computer control of processes. Computer languages such as ‘C' and Fortran are also part of the curriculum. This makes an instrumentation engineer fit for both the hardware and the software industry. Moreover, since instrumentation engineers are presumed to be good in physics, the logical ability is expected to be on the higher side, which is a basic quality needed to excel in the software industry.

The demand is so high that every student finds at least two jobs waiting in the wings, by the time he or she completes her course, says Dr. Bhujanga Rao.

Nature of work of an instrumentation engineer ranges from designing, developing, installing, managing equipments that are used to monitor and control machinery and processes.

“Though there is a demand for instrumentation engineers from the software sector, we prefer the core area, as that is where we can showcase our creativity and knowledge,” says Srinivas a third-year student.

The shift towards core sector is not only due to the opportunity to showcase ones creative talent and knowledge, but also because of the long term stability and quick growth. Bio-medical is another area that is fast catching up and there is huge requirement for instrumentation professionals.

Instrumentation engineering that made its way as an exclusive engineering discipline in the early part of 1970s was earlier known as M.Sc. Tech Instrumentation in many of the colleges. It was then a three-year PG course. Even today, it is referred to by different names by various colleges. While some call it as B. Tech- electronics and instrumentation, a few name it as B. Tech – control and instrumentation. Whatever, be the name, the curriculum is the same.

New image guided instrumentation for DePuy Synthes Spine’s leading spine systems

DePuy Synthes Spine announced new image guided instrumentation for two of its leading spine systems and has entered into a new partnership agreement with Brainlab, enabling both companies to offer integrated surgical navigation and imaging solutions.
The announcement was made here at the North American Spine Society (NASS) 27^th annual meeting, where the company is featuring its broad portfolio of minimally invasive and traditional spinal surgery solutions.

“We believe the use of our instrumentation with Brainlab’s imaging and navigation solutions will be highly attractive to customers globally,” said Namal Nawana, Worldwide President, DePuy Synthes Spine. “This partnership is the latest example of how our new company is providing procedural solutions that deliver benefits to patients, physicians, providers, payers and policy makers.”
At NASS, DePuy Synthes Spine is featuring newly developed image guided instrumentation for its VIPER^® 2 Pedicle Screw Fixation System for minimally invasive surgery and EXPEDIUM^® Spine System for open surgical procedures. The new instrumentation, which includes awls, probes, taps, screw inserters and Jamshidi needles, has been integrated with Brainlab’s computer software. Additional image guided and surgical navigation systems are expected over the next several months.

“The partnership with DePuy Synthes Spine will allow us to integrate our technology seamlessly in surgical procedures and therefore provide an unmatched product offering to our combined customers,” said Stefan Vilsmeier, CEO and President of Brainlab.
Brainlab develops, manufactures and markets software-driven medical technology that supports targeted, less-invasive treatment.

About DePuy Synthes Spine:-
DePuy Synthes Spine has one of the largest and most diverse portfolios of products and services in spinal care and is a global leader in traditional and minimally invasive spine treatment. The company offers procedural solutions for the full spectrum of spinal disorders including adult and adolescent deformity, spinal stenosis, trauma and degenerative disc disease. DePuy Synthes Spine is part of DePuy Synthes Companies of Johnson & Johnson, the largest provider of orthopaedic and neurological solutions in the world. For more information visit, www.depuysynthes.com.

Pressure Reducing And De-superheating System(PRDS)

     PRESSURE REDUCING AND DE-    
     SUPERHEATING SYSTEM(PRDS) :

Combined angle type pressure reducing and desuperheating station
These are suitable for High pressure Turbine bypass and HP / LP bypass applications. The same with various sizes, material and pressure class is also offered. This ensures required pressure and temperature drop.

Notes:
• As this system itself acts as bypass system for turbine, no bypass is required for this system again.
• If condensers are equipped with safety devices like rupture discs then no extra safety devices like safety valves are necessary.


Requirements of Turbine Bypass System:
• Protection of Condenser against excessive Pressure & Temperature.
• Partial Bypass to maintain steady upstream pressure when Turbine runs back to house load.
• Efficient matching of steam & turbine metal temperatures during cold, warm & hot start up cycles.
• To prevent boiler pressure fluctuations in case of Turbine trip or load rejection.
• To avoid the lifting of HP safety relief valve & condensate loss.
• Cooling of final super-heating in case of falling pressure application.
• Controlled pressure build up during start up operation or in the event of Turbine Trip.


Features:
• Angle type Combined PRDS valves with various stages on pressure and temperature reduction.
• Customized designs to accommodate complete performance needs.
• Tailor made multi stage Trims for Dynamic noise control.
• Cast / Forged body selection available.
• End connections to meet existing piping sizes & materials.
• Bolted Bonnets for easy serviceability.
• Trim removable thru’ bonnet, In Line.
• Installation in any orientation.
• Shut off in accordance with ANSI / FCI 70.2, Class V.
• Dump Tubes can be designed & supplied on request
• Suitable for Feed-forward as well as conventional control strategies

MRPL RECRUITMENT OF ENGINEERS/EXECUTIVE(Finance)

Last date for submission of On-line applications: 14/09/12, Time: 1800 hrs.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
1. The cut off date for deciding the maximum permissible age and experience as per eligibility criteria shall be the last day of the month subsequent to the month in which the advertisement is issued that is 30/09/12. Experience shown must be the minimum relevant experience for the function adequately supported by proof, after obtaining necessary qualification (post qualification experience) including ‘On the Job’ training period.
2. Wherever specific relevant experience has been prescribed, please note that applications not fulfilling this specific criteria will not be considered.
3. The cut- off percentage in qualifying examination would be 65 % in Engineering Discipline
and First class for MBA(Finance) for General Category and 40 % for SC/ST/OBC (Non Creamy layer) candidates.
HOW TO APPLY:
Candidates are requested to read the instructions given in the web details and ensure corrections of the data before applying on-Line. Candidates belonging to General and OBC category need to pay application fee of `500/(five hundred onlyexcluding Bank’s commission charges) in State Bank of India(any branch) in the Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Limited Account no. 00000010981274266 (IFSC Code SBIN0000871). SC /ST /PWD / Ex-Servicemen are exempt from paying application fee. Candidates are required to download challan format given in the website. 

Eligible Indian nationals are required to apply ON-LINE by logging on to www.mrpl.co.in , click on careers and click on following URL for application forms http://jobs.mrpl.co.in/advt42/ and apply on-line. After submission of online applications, online receipt will be generated which has to be downloaded by the candidate. The candidates are required to send the acknowledgement slip with affixed photograph along with Xerox copy of educational (from matriculation onwards)/experience /caste certificate, copy of challan to , DGM(HR) , Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Limited, Post Kuthethur,
Mangalore-575030 latest by 28/09/12. Applications send by email or hand delivery
will not be entertained.
Candidates are requested to retain a photo copy of acknowledgement slip for their record.
Commencement of 

On-line applications: 15/08/12, Time: 10.00.am.
Last date for submission of On-line applications: 14/09/12, Time: 1800 hrs.
Last date for receipt of documents along with on-line acknowledgement slip : 28/09/12.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :
1. All the qualifications specified above should be recognized by UGC/AICTE.
2. Candidates called for interview/written test if any, shall be reimbursed Traveling Allowance as
follows from their correspondence address in India on production of actual tickets by the
shortest route. Local travel cost, if any, shall be borne by the candidates.
E1- grades- 2nd Class Rail/Bus Fare.
3. Candidates applying for the said position shall be required to appear for a written test in the
concerned discipline.
4. Location of the job is as mentioned against each position. However, employees are liable to be
transferred to any place in India or abroad, within the same Organisation, one of the group
companies of ONGC or any other Organisation.
5. Allowances and perquisites shall be as admissible for each grade.
6. In case large numbers of applications are received, Management reserves the right to raise the
minimum eligibility standards/ criteria.
7. Age relaxation for SC/ST will be 5 years and 3 years for OBC .Persons with Disabilities (PWD)
candidates shall get age relaxation of 10 years. Age relaxation for Ex-Servicemen(EXSM) as per
Government directives.
8. For claiming the benefit of OBC category, the candidate should submit a proper Caste Certificate
as per the proforma prescribed as per Central list issued by the Government of India, which
would, among others, specifically mention that the candidate does not belong to the
persons/sections (Creamy Layer) as mentioned in column 3 of the Schedule to the Department of Personnel and Training in the Govt. of India OM No.36012/2/93-Estt.(SCT) dated 08-09-1993.
The certificate should not be more than 6 months old.
9. Experience if any, in PSU/ Private needs to be specified.
10. Requests for change of category/discipline once declared in the application will not be
entertained.
11. Candidates furnishing false/incorrect information or suppression of material fact(s), if detected at
any stage even after appointment, shall invite termination of the service without any notice.
12. Persons employed in Government Organizations/Public Sector Undertakings/Autonomous Bodies owned by the Government, should submit on-line applications and take print out of acknowledgement slip and forward their application through proper channel.
However they may also produce the NO OBJECTION CERTIFICATE at the time of
interview if their applications were not routed through proper channel, failing which
they will not be allowed to appear for the interview.

13. The number of posts indicated are tentative which may increase or decrease in the relevant categories at the absolute discretion of the Management. Depending on the requirement, the Company reserves the right to cancel / restrict / curtail / enlarge the number of vacancies and recruitment process, if need so arises, without any further notice and without assigning any reason thereof.
14. Satisfactory Character & Antecedents report would be required once selected and the
Management reserves the right to out-rightly dismiss the candidate whose report is not found satisfactory.
15. Personal appraisals duly certified, may be obtained in respect of candidates applying from PSU’s/Govt./Autonomous bodies owned by the Government.
16. Canvassing in any form shall disqualify the candidature.
17. Management reserves the right to fill or not to fill the posts and mere fulfillment of qualification, experience and other eligibility requirements laid down, does not entitle a candidate to be called for the Personal Interview.
18. While applying for any post, the applicant should ensure that he / she fulfils the eligibility and other norms mentioned above, as on the specified dates and that the particulars furnished are correct in all respects. In case it is detected at any stage of recruitment that a candidate does not fulfil the eligibility norms and / or that he / she has furnished any incorrect / false information or has suppressed any material fact(s), his / her candidature will stand automatically cancelled. If any of the above shortcoming(s) is / are detected even after appointment, his / her services are liable to be terminated without any notice.
19. Candidates must mention correct and active e-mail ID/Contact nos. for various communications.
20. The application fee will not be returned/refunded due to any reasons, what so ever.
21. Any legal proceeding in respect of any matter of claim or dispute arising out of this advertisement
and / or an application in response thereto can be instituted only in Mangalore and courts /
tribunals / forums at Mangalore only shall have sole and exclusive jurisdiction to try any such case / dispute.
22. In the event any applicant has litigated with his/her employer in the past, the same should be clearly mentioned in brief.
23. Applications received after the last date will not be entertained and the fee, if any, paid by the candidate shall not be refunded.
24. Management reserves the right to create and operate a panel of suitable candidates, for one year from the date of interview.
25. Any amendment/Corrigendum shall be hoisted only on the company’s website
www.mrpl.co.in. Candidates may regularly check for updates.
The candidates are required to apply on-line which is mandatory by clicking the
“ON-LINE” link. Candidates forwarding applications by post/courier etc without
applying on-line, will not be accepted and will be summarily rejected