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SELF HELP GROUPS

    SELF HELP GROUP(SHG)

A self-help group (SHG) is a village-based financial intermediary usually composed of 10–20 local women or men. A mixed group is generally not preferred. Most self-help groups are located in India, though SHGs can also be found in other countries, especially in South Asia and Southeast Asia.

Members make small regular savings contributions over a few months until there is enough capital in the group to begin lending. Funds may then be lent back to the members or to others in the village for any purpose. In India, many SHGs are 'linked' to banks for the delivery of microcredit.

Contents 

1 Structure

2 Goals

3 NABARD's 'SHG Bank Linkage' program

4 Advantages of financing through SHGs

A Self-Help Group may be registered or unregistered. It typically comprises a group of micro entrepreneurs having homogenous social and economic backgrounds, all voluntarily coming together to save regular small sums of money, mutually agreeing to contribute to a common fund and to meet their emergency needs on the basis of mutual help. They pool their resources to become financially stable, taking loans from the money collected by that group and by making everybody in that group self-employed. The group members use collective wisdom and peer pressure to ensure proper end-use of credit and timely repayment. This system eliminates the need for collateral and is closely related to that of solidarity lending, widely used by micro finance institutions.[1] To make the book-keeping simple enough to be handled by the members, flat interest rates are used for most loan calculations.

Goals

Self-help groups are started by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that generally have broad anti-poverty agendas. Self-help groups are seen as instruments for a variety of goals including empowering women, developing leadership abilities among poor people, increasing school enrollments, and improving nutrition and the use of birth control.Financial inter mediation is generally seen more as an entry point to these other goals, rather than as a primary objective.This can hinder their development as sources of village capital, as well as their efforts to aggregate locally controlled pools of capital through federation, as was historically accomplished by credit unions.

NABARD's 'SHG Bank Linkage' program[edit]

Many self-help groups, especially in India, under NABARD's SHG Bank Linkage program, borrow from banks once they have accumulated a base of their own capital and have established a track record of regular repayments.

This model has attracted attention as a possible way of delivering microfinance services to poor populations that have been difficult to reach directly through banks or other institutions. "By aggregating their individual savings into a single deposit, self-help groups minimize the bank's transaction costs and generate an attractive volume of deposits. Through self-help groups the bank can serve small rural depositors while paying them a market rate of interest.

NABARD estimates that there are 2.2 million SHGs in India, representing 33 million members, that have taken loans from banks under its linkage program to date. This does not include SHGs that have not borrowed.[4] "The SHG Banking Linkage Programme since its beginning has been predominant in certain states, showing spatial preferences especially for the southern region – Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. These states accounted for 57 % of the SHG credits linked during the financial year 2005–2006.

Advantages of financing through SHGs

An economically poor individual gains strength as part of a group.

Besides, financing through SHGs reduces transaction costs for both lenders and borrowers.

While lenders have to handle only a single SHG account instead of a large number of small-sized individual accounts, borrowers as part of an SHG cut down expenses on travel

NABARD

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is an apex development bank in India having headquarters based in Mumbai (Maharashtra)[3] and other branches are all over the country. The Committee to Review Arrangements for Institutional Credit for Agriculture and Rural Development (CRAFICARD), set up by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Chairmanship of Shri B. Sivaraman, conceived and recommended the establishment of the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). It was established on 12 July 1982 by a special act by the parliament and its main focus was to uplift rural India by increasing the credit flow for elevation of agriculture & rural non farm sector and completed its 25 years on 12 July 2007.[4] It has been accredited with "matters concerning policy, planning and operations in the field of credit for agriculture and other economic activities in rural areas in India". RBI sold its stake in NABARD to the Government of India, which now holds 99% stake.[5] NABARD is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.[6]

Contents  [hide] 
1 History
2 Associated with NABARD
3 Role
4 Rural innovation
5 Microfinance and NABARD
6 NABARD a 100 % CSR company
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]

NABARD was established on the recommendations of Shivaraman Committee, (by act 61, 1981 of Parliament) on 12 July 1982 to implement the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). It is one of the premier agencies to provide credit in rural areas. Nabard is India's specialised bank.

Associated with NABARD[edit]

International associates of NABARD ranges from World Bank-affiliated organizations to global developmental agencies working in the field of agriculture and rural development. These organizations help NABARD by advising and giving monetary aid for the upliftment of the people in the rural areas and optimizing the agricultural process. [7]

Role[edit]

NABARD is the apex institution in the country which looks after the development of the cottage industry, small industry and village industry, and other rural industries. NABARD also reaches out to allied economies and supports and promotes integrated development. And to help NABARD discharge its duty, it has been given certain roles as follows:

Serves as an apex financing agency for the institutions providing investment and production credit for promoting the various developmental activities in rural areas
Takes measures towards institution building for improving absorptive capacity of the credit delivery system, including monitoring, formulation of rehabilitation schemes, restructuring of credit institutions, training of personnel, etc.
Co-ordinates the rural financing activities of all institutions engaged in developmental work at the field level and maintains liaison with Government of India, State Governments, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other national level institutions concerned with policy formulation
Undertakes monitoring and evaluation of projects refinanced by it.
NABARD refinances the financial institutions which finances the rural sector.
The institutions which help the rural economy, NABARD helps develop.
NABARD also keeps a check on its client institutes.
It regulates the institution which provides financial help to the rural economy.
It provides training facilities to the institutions working the field of rural upliftment.
It regulates the cooperative banks and the RRB’s, and manages talent acquisition through IBPS CWE.[8]
NABARD's refinance is available to State Co-operative Agriculture and Rural Development Banks (SCARDBs), State Co-operative Banks (SCBs), Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Commercial Banks (CBs) and other financial institutions approved by RBI. While the ultimate beneficiaries of investment credit can be individuals, partnership concerns,

BANKING GROWTH IN INDIA

Banking Sector in India

Last Updated: January 2014

Indian Banking Sector: Brief Introduction
India’s banking sector is currently valued at Rs 81 trillion (US$ 1.31 trillion). It has the potential to become the fifth largest banking industry in the world by 2020 and the third largest by 2025, according to an industry report. The face of Indian banking has changed over the years. Banks are now reaching out to the masses with technology to facilitate greater ease of communication, and transactions are carried out through the Internet and mobile devices.

With the Parliament passing the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill in 2012, the landscape of the sector will likely change. The bill allows the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to make final guidelines on issuing new bank licenses. This could lead to a greater number of banks in the country; the style of operation could also evolve with the integration of modern technology into the industry.

Online Banking
IDBI Bank Ltd has started an online Public Provident Fund (PPF) subscription facility for its customers. The bank had already received approval from the government to operationalise PPF transactions through the Internet. The facility would help accomplish the government’s initiative of electronic transactions in banking services, and also provide a strong platform to mobilise funds through the Small Saving Schemes. PPF account holders of the bank will have the benefit of accessing their PPF account online, view account details, print statements, and make subscription to PPF by way of online transfer of funds.

Simple steps such as memorising personal identification number (PIN), bringing down credit limits on cards, using virtual cards for internet transactions and deactivating transactional services linked to a mobile number can limit bank frauds, according to experts. Changing the password regularly can also save an account from fraud attacks.

Online money transfers and money credited directly to an account are the second preferred mode of inward remittances in India, rising to 22 per cent in fiscal 2013 from 14 per cent in 2009, according to an RBI report. "While electronic wires/SWIFT continue to be the dominant mode of transferring remittances by overseas Indians, in the recent period, there has been a significant increase in the share of remittances transmitted through direct transfer to bank accounts and through online mode," the report stated.

Key Statistics
The revenue of Indian banks increased four-fold from US$ 11.8 billion to US$ 46.9 billion in the period 2001–2010. In that phase, the profit after tax rose about nine-fold from US$ 1.4 billion to US$ 12 billion.

Banking Index with the Sensex (Bankex) that tracks the performance of primary banking sector stocks grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 20 per cent over the period 2003–2012.

Total number of onsite and offsite ATMs of Indian Banks reached 100042 in July 2012.

Recent Developments
The central banks of Japan and India have agreed to a proposal that expands the maximum amount of the Bilateral Swap Arrangement (BSA) between the two countries to US $50 billion. The agreement is for a three-year period (2012–15); the previous size of the BSA was US $15 million. The new agreement will enable the two countries to swap their local currencies against the US dollar for an amount up to US$50 billion.

Public sector banks will soon offer customers insurance products from different companies as against products from one company. The finance ministry has asked public sector banks to become insurance brokers instead of corporate agents. This move was one of the steps stated by finance minister Mr P Chidambaram in early 2013, as a way to increase insurance penetration.

Citi has promoted Mr Anand Selvakesari as the head of consumer banking for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. Mr Selvakesari will continue his present role as Citi’s consumer banking business head in India – a post he has occupied since July 2013 – as well as look after the consumer banking operations in Indones

BANKING GROWTH IN INDIA

Banking Sector in India

Last Updated: January 2014

Indian Banking Sector: Brief Introduction
India’s banking sector is currently valued at Rs 81 trillion (US$ 1.31 trillion). It has the potential to become the fifth largest banking industry in the world by 2020 and the third largest by 2025, according to an industry report. The face of Indian banking has changed over the years. Banks are now reaching out to the masses with technology to facilitate greater ease of communication, and transactions are carried out through the Internet and mobile devices.

With the Parliament passing the Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill in 2012, the landscape of the sector will likely change. The bill allows the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to make final guidelines on issuing new bank licenses. This could lead to a greater number of banks in the country; the style of operation could also evolve with the integration of modern technology into the industry.

Online Banking
IDBI Bank Ltd has started an online Public Provident Fund (PPF) subscription facility for its customers. The bank had already received approval from the government to operationalise PPF transactions through the Internet. The facility would help accomplish the government’s initiative of electronic transactions in banking services, and also provide a strong platform to mobilise funds through the Small Saving Schemes. PPF account holders of the bank will have the benefit of accessing their PPF account online, view account details, print statements, and make subscription to PPF by way of online transfer of funds.

Simple steps such as memorising personal identification number (PIN), bringing down credit limits on cards, using virtual cards for internet transactions and deactivating transactional services linked to a mobile number can limit bank frauds, according to experts. Changing the password regularly can also save an account from fraud attacks.

Online money transfers and money credited directly to an account are the second preferred mode of inward remittances in India, rising to 22 per cent in fiscal 2013 from 14 per cent in 2009, according to an RBI report. "While electronic wires/SWIFT continue to be the dominant mode of transferring remittances by overseas Indians, in the recent period, there has been a significant increase in the share of remittances transmitted through direct transfer to bank accounts and through online mode," the report stated.

Key Statistics
The revenue of Indian banks increased four-fold from US$ 11.8 billion to US$ 46.9 billion in the period 2001–2010. In that phase, the profit after tax rose about nine-fold from US$ 1.4 billion to US$ 12 billion.

Banking Index with the Sensex (Bankex) that tracks the performance of primary banking sector stocks grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 20 per cent over the period 2003–2012.

Total number of onsite and offsite ATMs of Indian Banks reached 100042 in July 2012.

Recent Developments
The central banks of Japan and India have agreed to a proposal that expands the maximum amount of the Bilateral Swap Arrangement (BSA) between the two countries to US $50 billion. The agreement is for a three-year period (2012–15); the previous size of the BSA was US $15 million. The new agreement will enable the two countries to swap their local currencies against the US dollar for an amount up to US$50 billion.

Public sector banks will soon offer customers insurance products from different companies as against products from one company. The finance ministry has asked public sector banks to become insurance brokers instead of corporate agents. This move was one of the steps stated by finance minister Mr P Chidambaram in early 2013, as a way to increase insurance penetration.

Citi has promoted Mr Anand Selvakesari as the head of consumer banking for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. Mr Selvakesari will continue his present role as Citi’s consumer banking business head in India – a post he has occupied since July 2013 – as well as look after the consumer banking operations in Indones

SARVA HARYANA GRAMIN BANK

       SARVA HARYANA GRAMIN BANK

Regional Rural Banks were established under the provisions of the Ordinance promulgated on 26th September, 1975 and RRBs Act 1976 with a view to develop the Rural economy as well as to create an alternative channel to “Cooperative Credit Structure” and to ensure sufficient Institutional Credit for Rural and Agriculture Sector. RRBs are jointly owned by Government of India, the concerned state Government and Scheduled Commercial Banks. The issued capital of an RRB is shared by them in the proportion of 50%, 15% and 35% respectively. The area of operation of the majority of RRBs is limited to a notified area comprising selected districts in the respective states.

 

came into existence on 29th November 2013 on Implication of GOI Notification no 7/9/2011-RRB dated 29.11.2013 regarding amalgamation of two RRBs viz Haryana Gramin Bank & Gurgaon Gramin Bank under the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 (No. 21 of 1976) and the new entity called as Serva Haryana Gramin Bank with its Head Office at Rohtak (Haryana) sponsored by Punjab National Bank, the Leading Bank in Indian Banking industry. 

Haryana Gramin Bank was formed in the year of 2005 by the Government of India as a result of amalgamation of Haryana Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Hisar Sirsa Kshetriya Gramin Bank and Ambala Kurukshetra Gramin Bank. This bank is sponsored by the Punjab National Bank and its head quarter is located at Rohtak

Haryana Kshetriya Gramin Bank : 

Established on 02nd October 1975, Birth anniversary of Father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi. Among the first five RRBs in India

The Government of India set up Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) on October 2, 1975.

Initially, five RRBs were set up on October 2, 1975 under the recomondations of narasimhan committee which were sponsored by Syndicate Bank, State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, United Commercial Bank and United Bank of India. Capital share being 50% by the central government, 15% by the state government and 35% by the sponcered bank

PRODUCTS:

S.N.Deposit Scheme 1 Saving Bank Account 2 Fixed Deposit Anupam 3 Fixed Deposit Account 4 Reccuring Deposit 5 SHGB Tax Saver Scheme S.N. Advance Schemes 1 Kishan Credit Card 2 Personal Loans 3 Kishan Investment Credit Card 4 Education Loans 5 HGB Mahila Vikas Card 6 Piggery Development 7 Dairy Vikash Card 8 Loan for Ex-Service Man 9 Sawrojgar Credit Card 10 General Credit Card 11 Joint Liability Group 12 Self Help Group 13 Horticulture Credit 14 Dairy/Poultry 15 Housing Loan 16 Farm Mechanization

 GURGAON GRAMIN BANK

Gurgaon Gramin Bank, established in March 1976 under RRBs Act, has completed 36 years in the service of rural masses. Beginning with a modest business level of Rs. 50 Lacs and a network of 20 branches as at the close of 1st financial year of its existence on 31.12.76, theaggregate business of the Bank has reached to Rs. 6419.33 Crore at the end of fiscal 2011-12 with a network of 210 branches in 7 Districts of Haryana. Though the Bank had suffered losses during initial year of existence, it has been constantly earning profits since 1998 and has buildup a sizable reserves base of Rs. 575.06 Crore as on 31.03.2012. Likewise the total deposits of the Bank which were Rs. 25 Lacs as on 31.12.76 have grown to Rs. 4137.47 Crore as on 31.03.2012. The advances level of the Bank has also witnessed many fold increase during the last 36 years. The outstanding advances which were just Rs. 27 Lacs as on 31.12.76 havegrown to Rs. 2281.86 Crore as on 31.03.2012. The Bank has never overlooked its original mandate of fulfilling the credit and bankingneeds of rural masses and contributing in the developmental activities in the Seven Districts of Southern Haryana i.e. Gurgaon, Mewat, Faridabad, Palwal, Rewari,Mohindergarh and Sonepat through its branch network of 210.The Bank, true to its concept of origin, has been successful in inculcating the Banking habits in the rural masses in its area of operation by making the customers aware of the need of small savings and also use of credit for productive purpose raising their living standard.Govt. of India has introduced the concept of Financial Inclusion in year of 2008 and issued the guidelines for the banks to open No Frill accounts of the marginalized/excluded group of population in the country to take them in the fold of banking services. The Bank has taken the initiative to open the No Frill accounts in the remotest rural areas by launching a door to door

campaign and as on date we have opened more than Five Lac No Frill accounts in our area of operation in seven districts of Haryana.Our Bank has been allocated 234 villages under FIP in 7 districts of Haryana state. Our Bank has prepared a road map and implemented accordingly. Bank has selected FINO & HCL as Technical Service Providers (TSPs) to complete the task assigned under FIP. Bank has opened 31 Brick & Mortar Branches and appointed 203 Business Correspondent Agents (BCAs) in 203 FI villages to provide the financial services by following the Govt. of India guidelines. Later on Bank has opened 56 Ultra Small Branches (USBs) wherein the BCAs are handling all the cash transactions and Bank’s Field Officers provided with Laptop are visiting the USBs on a predetermined day on weekly basis to provide the account details and various bank schemes designed for the rural people as per their needs. GGB is the first RRBs who has opened Financial Literacy and Credit Counseling Center (FLCC) at three block level centers in Mewat, Gurgaon & Faridabad District under the guidance ofJnana Jyothi Financial Literacy & Credit Counseling Trust, Manipal.Bank is on 100% CBS platform and ready to start interoperability for all FIP Villages in Mewat District on priority basis.Bank is having various credit products for taking care of credit needs of each section of society.Door to door canvassing/ marketing of various loan products is being ensured for achieving credit disbursement and advance outstanding targets with comfortable margin, without compromising quality of credit.Farm sector being our traditional strong hold for credit dissemination,

RECENT NEWS:

  The move to bring Gurgaon Gramin Bank (GGB), one among the most profitable regional rural banks in the country, under the Rohtak headquartered Haryana Gramin Bank has received a setback with Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) seeking a response from the National bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD) on why a financially strong and better performing bank is being brought under a weaker one. The proposal is being pushed by CM Bhupinder Singh Hooda.

Meanwhile, the Central Vigilance Commission has lodged a complaint by Gurgaon
Gramin
Bank Workers Organization, which had alleged mala fide intention behind the amalgamation bypassing the normal practice of considering only audited results while deciding a merger. A case against the amalgamation is scheduled for hearing in the Delhi high court on Monday.

In its letter to NABARD, the CAG has said the audited results of Gurgaon Gramin Bank as on March 31, 2013, were far better than Haryana Gramin Bank. But the business of Haryana Gramin Bank was more as per the unaudited figures of September 30, 2013. CAG has asked for "the reasons for taking into consideration the unaudited figures."

TOI had reported that HGB's, with 276 branches and 60 ultra-small branches, net worth was Rs 393 crore at the end of year 2012-13 and net profit Rs 64.86 crore. GGB, having 231 branches and 198 ultra-small branches, had net worth of Rs 690 crore and net profit Rs 126.15 crore. But the branches of HGB, sponsored by Punjab National Bank, increased from 336 to 598 between April 2013 and September 2013, while GGB, sponsored by Syndicate Bank, added another 10 branches. HGB's business swelled to Rs 10,105 crore from Rs 6,579 crore between April and October while GGB's increased by only Rs 388 crore.

On the basis of this assessment, Union finance ministry favoured bringing HGB under GGB under its scheme of merger of regional rural banks. But after Hooda wrote to the finance ministry seeking GGB's amalgamation with HGB in September, the ministry changed its stand. The CAG has sought a response from NABARD on why the recommendation of the Haryana government, which has only 15% control in regional rural banks, was accepted.

The auditor has also asked for details of the cut-off date for the merger and whether accounts of both GGB and HGB would be prepared as an amalgamated entity for financial year 2013