Showing posts with label PROJECT. Show all posts
Showing posts with label PROJECT. Show all posts

Monday, August 20, 2012

FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT


 



 

FORMAT   FOR   PREPARATION   OF   PROJECT   REPORT

 

FOR

 

B.E. / B. TECH. / B. ARCH.




1.                  ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as follows:


1.              Cover Page & Title Page
2.              Bonafide Certificate
3.              Abstract
4.              Table of Contents
5.              List of Tables
6.              List of Figures
7.              List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
8.              Chapters
9.              Appendices
10.          References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

2.                  PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS:

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size.   The project report should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper.  The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

3.                  PREPARATION FORMAT:

3.1       Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the   project   report are given in Appendix 1.

3.2       Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2.
           
            The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in capital letters between the supervisor’s name and academic designation.

3.3       Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

3.4       Table of Contents – The table of contents should list all material following it as well as any material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3.

3.5       List of Tables – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

3.6       List of Figures – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

3.7       List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used.

3.8       Chapters  – The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts  (i)  Introductory  chapter,   (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work  (iii) and Conclusion.

            The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.

v                 Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.
v                 Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where they are cited.

v                 Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.

3.9       Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.

·                    Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.
·                    Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.

·                    Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the contents page also.


3.10     List of References –The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading “REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left – justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details.

A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.


REFERENCES




1.         Ariponnammal, S. and Natarajan, S. (1994) ‘Transport Phonomena of Sm Sel – X Asx’, Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425.

2.         Barnard, R.W. and Kellogg, C. (1980) ‘Applications of Convolution Operators to Problems in Univalent Function Theory’, Michigan Mach, J., Vol.27, pp.81–94.

3.         Shin, K.G. and Mckay, N.D. (1984) ‘Open Loop Minimum Time Control of Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications’, Proc.Amer.Contr.Conf., San Diego, CA, pp. 1231-1236.


3.10.1    Table and figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices.  All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.


4.         TYPING INSTRUCTIONS:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
            The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour.

            One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Font style ‘Times New Roman’ and Font size 14.
             

* * * * *
   



 


 
APPENDIX 1
(A typical Specimen of Cover Page & Title Page)


TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT
<1 .5=".5" line="line" spacing="spacing">

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)


in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

<1 .5=".5" line="line" spacing="spacing">

NAME OF THE DEGREE

IN

BRANCH OF STUDY


NAME OF THE COLLEGE


ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025
<1 .5=".5" line="line" spacing="spacing">

MONTH & YEAR

SPECIMEN


SOME PERFORMANCE ASPECTS CONSIDERATIONS OF A CLASS OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK


A PROJECT REPORT


Submitted by

SANDHYA. A

GAYATHRI.R



in  partial  fulfillment  for  the  award  of  the  degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING





XXX ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KANCHEEPURAM


ANNA UNIVERSITY:: CHENNAI 600 025
 
 
MAY 2005






APPENDIX 2
(A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate)


ANNA UNIVERSITY : CHENNAI 600 025



BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE


Certified that this project report “……….TITLE OF THE PROJECT……………..”
is the bonafide work of “…………..NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S).…………”                                           who carried out the project work under my supervision.

<>                            <>
  SIGNATURE                                                                          SIGNATURE

  <>                                                                            <>                            
 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT                                          SUPERVISOR
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                 <>

<>                                                                      <>

<>                                <>









APPENDIX 3
(A typical specimen of table of contents)


TABLE OF CONTENTS


CHAPTER NO.                                             TITLE                                     PAGE NO.

                                               ABSTRACT                                                                          iii           
                                               LIST OF TABLE                                                                xvi
                                               LIST OF FIGURES                                                           xviii
                                               LIST OF SYMBOLS                                                        xxvii


         1.                                 INTRODUCTION                                                                  1

                                        1.1         GENERAL                                                                 1
                                              1.2         . . . .  . . . . . . . . .                                                          2
            1.2.1        General                                                       5
                                    1.2.2     . . . . . . . . . . .                                                12
                                                  1.2.2.1 General                                            19
                                                                          1.2.2.2  . . . . . . . . . .                                     25     
                                      1.2.2.3  . . . . . . . . . .                                     29
                        1.2.3    . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                30
                                            1.3           . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .                                                 45
                                            1.4           . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                                                58
          2.                                 LITERATURE REVIEW                                                     69
                                      2.1           GENERAL                                                                 75
2.2              . . . . . . . . . .                                                     99
2.2       …………….                                                 100







Wednesday, May 2, 2012

   DTMF BASED HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL

 INTRODUCTION:

Today’s the demand for better home security systems has drifted over to a need for home automation. Not only does a home need to be secure but home appliances need a more refined control system. Home appliances should not be limited to only local control. There needs to be a simple and elegant way to avoid this type of situation and allow people the freedom of having complete control of their house from anywhere. With this fact in mind we have build a project for the home automation controls. The key to this control system will be the use of a telephone for a two way communication path to the central control unit.
With this  system, it is possible to operate domestic electrical devices safety by using public or mobile phones from any places all over the world.
The basic idea of this project is to take advantage of the vast network of telephone lines and the proliferation of cell phones to extend human’s reach and possibilities. The system, through telephone networks, connects the user  home appliances at home and gives him/her the ability to switch them ON or OFF. The user dials the home telephone number like an ordinary telephone call. The telephone at home rings and if nobody picks the call, then the system picks up the call. The system then asks for the password. The user enters the password. Once the password is entered, the user will be offered a voice menu and asked to choose from that menu. The user chooses an item from the menu by pressing a button on the phone keypad. Pressing a button on the phone generates a DTMF signal which, through the telephone network, will reach the system at home. The system will recognize the received signal and based on that will switch on/off the chosen appliance.
This project uses DTMF technology for the controls.
DTMF, better known as touch-tone, is a system of signal tones used in telecommunications. Applications include voice mail, help desks, telephone banking, etc.
There are twelve DTMF signals, each of which is made up of two tones from the following selection: 697 Hz, 770 Hz, 852 Hz, 941 Hz, 1209 Hz, 1336 Hz, 1477 Hz. The tones are divided


                          
  AIM & OBJECTIVE                                   
                                        
 AIM:-
1.To make a CELL-PHONE operated DTMF HOME AUTOMATION  SYSTEM.
 2.To make a home security system.  
 3.To prepare remote sensing security system.

OBJECTIVE:-
In the view today society demand it is essential to  made a better home security systems. Not only does a home need to be secure but home appliances need a more refined control system. Home appliances should not be limited to only local control.
From the above point of view we have tried to prepare a model for home automation control and security system.











     COMPONENTS USED                              

                                                    
Component name
specification
quantity
Microcontroller AT89C51
-
1
Diode
IN4007
2
Crystal Oscillator
12 MHz
3.57Mhz
1
1
Capacitor
0.1µF,63V
33pf
3
2
Relay
10 A,120 V,50 Hz
2
Resistors

Pull up
100 KΩ
1KΩ
4.7 KΩ
10 KΩ

2
4
6
1
BC547(npn)
-
3
2 pin connector
Female
male
5V
220V
220V
2
2
2
bulb
60W,230V
1
6 pin connector
-
1
4 pin switch

1
Buzzer
5V
1
LCD base
-
1
LCD
5V
1
IC base
40 pin
20 pin
18 pin
1
1
1
General purpose PCB
14x9 cm
1




   HOME AUTOMATION MODEL


The core of the project is the 8051 microcontroller; it will determine what actions need to be sent out to the rest of the system. The microcontroller will determine when each sub part needs to be activated .Other parts include the Phone interface, the decoder and the appliance connected through the relay.



                         

              

Phone Interface:

The telephone line is hooked to the another phone attached to the system This will communicate directly with the microcontroller through the CM8870 decoder which decodes all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a four bit code.


CM8870/70C (DTMF decoder):

CM8870/70C is a Full DTMF receiver, uses less than 35mW power consumption, uses quartz crystal or ceramic resonators, has adjustable acquisition and release times, works in Industrial temperature range and is available in 18-pin DIP, 18-pin DIP EIAJ, 18-pin SOIC, 20-pin
PLCC.
.

 Pin Diagram of  CM8870C



ATMEL AT89C52 (Microcontroller):

he AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 8K Flash bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

                                                                       Pin Diagram of AT89C52



1N 4007 DIODE:

It has the following features:
1.    Low forward voltage drop
2.    High surge current capacity
3.    Low reverse leakage current
4.    V(rrm) = peak repetitive reverse voltage = 1000 V
5.    I (fsm) = average rectified forward current = 1A
6.    V(f) = forward voltage = 1.1 V

BC 548 TRANSISTOR:
It is general purpose NPN transistor, having the following features:
1.    Vcbo     = 30 V
2.    Ic    = 100 mA
3.    Ptotal     = 50 mW
4.    f     = 300 MHz


LM7805 DC POWER REGULATOR :

It has the following characteristics:
1.    Operating current     -     1 A
2.    Operating voltages     -    5 , 6 , 8 , 9 Vetc


RF TAG:

It has a 4-bit data input


16 X 2 LCD :


It has 16 characters, 2-line display and is used for general purpose.


 IC 74LS147 :

It is a 10 to 4 line priority encoder. It encodes 10-line decimal to 4-line BCD.

LCD (JHD162A series)

Display Content: 16 Char x 2 Row
Character Dots: 5 x 8
Driving mode: 1/16D

Available Types: 
Reflective with EL or Led Backlight
EL/100 V AC 400 Hz
LED/4.2 V DC


 LCD pin Diagram:




RELAY:

A relay is a type of electrically operated switch which is controlled by an electronic circuit. Within the relay is a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field when a current flows through it. If sufficient current at the correct voltage flows through the coil, the generated magnetic field attracts a metal lever which changes the position of the switch.


                                 

The advantage of a relay is that it permits a low voltage DC circuit to control a completely  separate high-power circuit - for example a 240V AC mains electricity powered appliance.


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:                                        

REFRENCES

    www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-tone_multi-frequency
    www.polar-electric.com/DTMF/Index.html
    www.alldatasheet.com
    CM8870 (DTMF decoder) datasheet.
    AT89s51 (Microcontroller) datasheet.
    JHD162A Series (LCD) datasheet.
    Automotive series “Understanding Relays” by Kevin R.Sullivan, prof of Automotive Technology Skyline College.
    Keil software help.
ISP software help